Dropout voltage is usually specified over a range of loads and temperatures.
2.
That minimum amount is called the dropout voltage.
3.
Dropout voltage also varies with respect to temperature.
4.
Most linear regulators will continue to provide some output voltage approximately the dropout voltage below the input voltage for inputs below the nominal output voltage until the input voltage drops significantly.
5.
Dropout voltage will vary depending on the load on the regulator, usually increasing under higher load, due to the internal resistance of the regulator's pass transistor and circuitry.
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For example, a regulator with 5 volt output and 2 volt dropout voltage rating will only output 5 volts if the input voltage is above 7 volts ( 7 volt input > 5 volt output + 2 volt dropout ).
7.
Dropout voltage can be as high as 2 volts for a general purpose integrated circuit regulator ( such as the 78xx series ), but a low dropout regulator may have a dropout of less than 100 mV at full load.
8.
Its dropout voltage is therefore 7V " 5V = 2V . When the supply voltage is less than about 2V above the desired output voltage, as is the case in low-voltage microprocessor power supplies, so-called " low dropout regulators " ( LDOs ) must be used.
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